Tare da karuwar neman makamashi mai tsafta da ci gaba mai dorewa a duniya, makamashin hydrogen, a matsayin mai inganci da tsaftataccen makamashi, sannu a hankali yana shiga tunanin mutane. A matsayin maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin sarkar masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen, fasahar tsarkakewa ta hydrogen ba kawai ta shafi aminci da amincin makamashin hydrogen ba, har ma kai tsaye tana shafar ikon aikace-aikacen da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙin makamashin hydrogen.
1.Requirements ga samfurin hydrogen
Hydrogen, a matsayin sinadari danyen abu da mai ɗaukar makamashi, yana da buƙatu daban-daban don tsafta da abun ciki na ƙazanta a cikin yanayin aikace-aikace daban-daban. A cikin samar da ammonia na roba, methanol da sauran samfuran sinadarai, don hana guba mai haɓakawa da tabbatar da ingancin samfur, sulfides da sauran abubuwa masu guba a cikin iskar gas dole ne a cire su a gaba don rage ƙazanta abun ciki don biyan buƙatun. A cikin filayen masana'antu kamar ƙarfe, yumbu, gilashi, da semiconductor, iskar hydrogen yana zuwa cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da samfuran, kuma buƙatun don tsabta da ƙazanta abun ciki sun fi tsauri. Alal misali, a cikin masana'antar semiconductor, ana amfani da hydrogen don matakai irin su shirye-shiryen crystal da substrate, oxidation, annealing, da dai sauransu, wanda ke da iyakacin iyaka akan ƙazanta irin su oxygen, ruwa, hydrocarbons mai nauyi, hydrogen sulfide, da dai sauransu a cikin hydrogen.
2.Ka'idar aiki na deoxygenation
A karkashin aikin mai kara kuzari, karamin adadin oxygen a cikin hydrogen zai iya amsawa tare da hydrogen don samar da ruwa, cimma manufar deoxygenation. Amsar ita ce amsawar exothermic, kuma ma'aunin amsa shine kamar haka:
2H ₂+O ₂ (mai kara kuzari) -2H ₂ O+Q
Saboda abun da ke ciki, sinadarai, da ingancin mai kara kuzari da kansa ba sa canzawa kafin da kuma bayan abin da ya faru, ana iya amfani da mai kara kuzari ba tare da sabuntawa ba.
Deoxidizer yana da tsarin silinda na ciki da na waje, tare da ɗorawa mai kara kuzari tsakanin silinda na waje da na ciki. Ana shigar da kayan dumama wutar lantarki mai tabbatar da fashewa a cikin silinda na ciki, kuma na'urori masu auna zafin jiki guda biyu suna sama da kasa na marufi don ganowa da sarrafa yanayin zafin. An nannade silinda na waje tare da rufin rufi don hana asarar zafi da kuma guje wa konewa. Danyen hydrogen yana shiga cikin silinda ta sama daga mashigai na sama na deoxidizer, ana dumama shi da wani abu mai dumama wutan lantarki, kuma yana bi ta gadon mai kara kuzari daga kasa zuwa sama. Oxygen a cikin danyen hydrogen yana amsawa tare da hydrogen a ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari don samar da ruwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin iskar oxygen a cikin hydrogen da ke fitowa daga ƙananan kanti za a iya rage su zuwa ƙasa da 1ppm. Ruwan da aka samar ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa yana fitowa daga na'urar deoxidizer a cikin sigar gas tare da iskar hydrogen, yana tashewa a cikin na'urar sanyaya hydrogen na gaba, yana tacewa a cikin mai raba ruwan iska, kuma ana fitar da shi daga tsarin.
3.Aikin ka'idar bushewa
Bushewar iskar hydrogen tana ɗaukar hanyar talla, ta amfani da sieves na ƙwayoyin cuta azaman adsorbents. Bayan bushewa, raɓar iskar hydrogen gas na iya kaiwa ƙasa -70 ℃. Molecular sieve wani nau'i ne na fili na aluminosilicate tare da lattice mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar. Ana kiran sieves na kwayoyin halitta don suna iya raba kwayoyin halitta masu siffofi daban-daban, diamita, polarities, wuraren tafasa, da matakan jikewa.
Ruwa wani nau'in nau'in polar ne sosai, kuma sieves na kwayoyin suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi ga ruwa. Shawarar siffa ta kwayoyin halitta ita ce ta jiki, kuma idan abin ya cika, yana ɗaukar lokaci don zafi da sake farfadowa kafin a sake sakewa. Sabili da haka, aƙalla na'urar bushewa an haɗa su a cikin na'urar tsarkakewa, tare da ɗayan yana aiki yayin da ɗayan ke sake haɓakawa, don tabbatar da ci gaba da samar da iskar raɓar iskar hydrogen gas.
Na'urar bushewa tana da tsarin silinda na ciki da na waje, tare da adsorbent da aka ɗora a tsakanin silinda na waje da na ciki. Ana shigar da kayan dumama wutar lantarki mai tabbatar da fashewa a cikin silinda na ciki, kuma na'urori masu auna zafin jiki guda biyu suna sama da kasa na marufi don ganowa da sarrafa yanayin zafin. An nannade silinda na waje tare da rufin rufi don hana asarar zafi da kuma guje wa konewa. Gudawar iska a cikin jihar adsorption (ciki har da jahohin aiki na farko da na sakandare) da kuma yanayin farfadowa yana juyawa. A cikin yanayin adsorption, bututun ƙarshen ƙarshen shine tashar gas kuma ƙananan bututun ƙarshen shine iskar gas. A cikin yanayin farfadowa, bututun ƙarshen ƙarshen shine iskar gas kuma ƙananan bututun ƙarshen shine fitar da iskar gas. Ana iya raba tsarin bushewa zuwa na'urorin bushewa biyu da na'urorin bushewa uku bisa ga adadin na'urorin bushewa.
4. Biyu hasumiya tsari
Ana shigar da busassun bushewa biyu a cikin na'urar, waɗanda ke canzawa kuma suna sake haɓakawa cikin zagayowar lokaci ɗaya (48 hours) don cimma ci gaba da aiki na gabaɗayan na'urar. Bayan bushewa, raɓa na hydrogen zai iya kaiwa ƙasa -60 ℃. Yayin zagayowar aiki (awa 48), masu bushewa A da B suna yin aiki da sabunta jihohi, bi da bi.
A cikin sake zagayowar sauyawa ɗaya, na'urar bushewa tana fuskantar jihohi biyu: yanayin aiki da yanayin farfadowa.
Yanayin farfadowa: Ƙarfin gas ɗin sarrafawa yana cike da ƙarar gas. Jihar sabuntawa ta haɗa da matakin dumama da busa matakin sanyaya;
1) Matsayin zafi - mai zafi a cikin na'urar bushewa yana aiki, kuma ta atomatik yana dakatar da dumama lokacin da zafin jiki na sama ya kai ƙimar da aka saita ko lokacin dumama ya kai ƙimar da aka saita;
2) Matsayin kwantar da hankali - Bayan na'urar bushewa ta daina dumama, iska ta ci gaba da gudana ta hanyar na'urar bushewa a cikin hanyar asali don kwantar da shi har sai na'urar bushewa ta canza zuwa yanayin aiki.
· Matsayin aiki: Ƙarfin iska mai sarrafawa yana kan iya aiki, kuma mai zafi a cikin na'urar bushewa baya aiki.
5.Three hasumiya aiki
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da tsarin hasumiya guda uku. Ana shigar da busassun bushewa guda uku a cikin na'urar, waɗanda ke ɗauke da desiccants (Sieves na ƙwayoyin cuta) tare da babban ƙarfin talla da ingantaccen yanayin zafi. Na'urar bushewa uku suna musanya tsakanin aiki, sabuntawa, da haɓakawa don cimma ci gaba da aiki na gabaɗayan na'urar. Bayan bushewa, raɓar iskar hydrogen gas na iya kaiwa ƙasa -70 ℃.
Lokacin zagayowar sauyawa, na'urar bushewa ta ratsa jihohi uku: aiki, tallatawa, da sabuntawa. Ga kowace jiha, na'urar bushewa ta farko wacce albarkatun iskar hydrogen ke shiga bayan deoxygenation, sanyaya, da tace ruwa yana samuwa:
1) Matsayin aiki: Ƙarar iskar gas mai aiki yana da cikakken ƙarfi, mai zafi a cikin na'urar bushewa baya aiki, kuma matsakaici shine ɗanyen hydrogen gas wanda ba a bushe ba;
Na'urar bushewa ta biyu tana shiga:
2) Yanayin farfadowa: 20% ƙarar gas: Yanayin farfadowa ya haɗa da mataki na dumama da yanayin sanyi;
Matakin zafi - mai zafi a cikin na'urar bushewa yana aiki, kuma ta atomatik yana dakatar da dumama lokacin da zafin jiki na sama ya kai ƙimar da aka saita ko lokacin dumama ya kai ƙimar da aka saita;
Matakin kwantar da hankali - Bayan na'urar bushewa ta daina dumama, iska ta ci gaba da gudana ta hanyar na'urar bushewa a cikin hanyar asali don kwantar da shi har sai na'urar ta canza zuwa yanayin aiki; Lokacin da na'urar bushewa ta kasance a cikin matakin farfadowa, matsakaici yana bushe bushewar iskar hydrogen;
Na'urar bushewa ta uku tana shiga:
3) Jihar Adsorption: Girman iskar gas shine 20%, mai zafi a cikin na'urar bushewa baya aiki, kuma matsakaici shine iskar hydrogen don sabuntawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-19-2024
